Process of In-Stream Restoration 1. Stream surveying Biologists survey the impacted stream to determine which debris should be removed and which large logs or root balls should be anchored into the stream to mimic the conditions of a healthy stream. A restoration plan is formed.
	Debris cleared to restore water flow to streams		2. Wood debris is removed by hand. A skilled crew is recruited to remove small log debris and cedar shakes blocking the course of the stream. Logs not marked for "complexing" (see #4 below) are winched out of the creek bed. 3. Helicopters lift logs. A helicopter is often used to remove large logs and slings of small wood debris efficiently and with minimal impact to the site.
	Log anchoring for renewal of fish habitate Salmon swimming up stream to spawn		4. Streams are "complexed" with logs & stumps. A natural stream does not resemble a drainage ditch so workers actually add wood obstacles to create fish habitat, slow water flow and enrich the creek with oxygen and nutrients. Natural pools and eddies are re-created by anchoring large logs or roots balls into the stream with steel cables. Gravel for spawning salmon and plant cover for small fish are added. Already, these efforts have greatly increased salmon returns. Stream Ecology Stream restoration cannot be completed without also restoring the riparian (stream side) habitat. Healthy creeks depend on large diameter trees which provide a living network of roots strong enough to withstand flooding, slow the movement of spawning gravel and provide stability to overhanging stream banks which shelter small fish. Water quality is also greatly affected by the surrounding forests, which also provide necessary nutrients and shade for fish and wildlife. Today, some conifers have responded well to planting programs but until recently log jams caused extensive flooding. This excessive water is favorable to willows and shrubs, but greatly deters the growth of large conifers. Without intervention, recovery of this system would take hundreds of years or more. With silviculture (tree planting, pruning and spacing) this recovery period could be shortened to 25 to 50 years. Adult cutthroat trout, chum and coho salmon returning to the creeks to spawn and die also enriched the local wildlife and plants with a rich source of nutrients. Adult salmon spawn in these creeks in the late fall. They will lay up to 4,000 eggs per pair. About 800 of these eggs will survive to hatch, 200 smolts will go to sea and of these only ten will reach adulthood. Adults may travel as far as Alaska, California or even Asia depending on their species People who live, work, and play in the Clayoquot Sound area are very much aware of the state of their environment. As responsible stewards much time and effort is invested in habitat enhancement and restoration activities.